Trombosis antenatal de aneurisma espontáneo de conducto arterial / Antenatal thrombosis of arterial ductus spontaneous aneurysm

Los aneurismas espontáneos del conducto arterial se detectan inusualmente de forma prenatal. Su incidencia varía entre 1,5 por ciento y 8 por ciento de los embarazos. Usualmente se solucionan espontáneamente; sin embargo, pueden presentarse complicaciones letales como trombosis, embolia y ruptura. Los casos fatales descritos son escasos, la mayoría después del nacimiento. El objetivo es presentar el reporte de autopsia de un mortinato cuya causa de muerte fue la trombosis de aneurisma del conducto arterial. La madre fue una primigesta de 22 años de edad, con embarazo de 40 semanas sin antecedentes de importancia, atendida en un hospital de tercer nivel de Bucaramanga, Santander. Le realizamos una cesárea emergente por perfil biofísico fetal alterado y bradicardia fetal. Se obtuvo un mortinato masculino sin esfuerzo respiratorio, hipotónico, cianótico, que no respondió a maniobras de reanimación. Los hallazgos de autopsia relevantes fueron: dilatación auricular derecha y dilatación preductal con trombosis del conducto cuya luz estaba completamente ocluida por un coágulo. Los aneurismas ductales prenatales son una entidad que merece más estudio para determinar estrategias de diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento, y así disminuir el riesgo de desenlaces fatales(AU)

Introduction: Spontaneous ductus arteriosus aneurysm is a condition rarely diagnosed on prenatal imaging. Literature reveals 1,5 to 8 percent incidence on pregnancies. Most cases have spontaneous resolution, nonetheless, life-threatening complications such thrombosis, embolism and rupture can occur. Fatal cases reports are scarce, most of them presenting on newborns, days to months after birth. Objective: To present the autopsy report of a stillbirth whose cause of death was thrombosis of the arterial duct aneurysm. Methods: A 22-year healthy prime mother with 40-week pregnancy was assisted at a tertiary hospital in Bucaramanga, Santander. She required emergency cesarean section due to low biophysical profile and fetal bradycardia. The newborn had no respiratory effort, was floppy, cyanotic and did not respond to resuscitation maneuvers. The relevant autopsy findings were right atrial dilatation and preductal dilation with thrombosis of the duct whose lumen was completely occluded by a clot. Conclusions: The prenatal ductal aneurysm is an entity that deserves more study to determine strategies for early diagnosis and follow-up thus decrease the risk of fatal outcomes(AU)

Restricción del ductus arterioso fetal en gestante de tercer trimestre por consumo de paracetamol / Fetal Ductus Arteriosus Restriction in the Final Third of Pregnancy Due To Acetaminophen Consumption

Se presenta el caso de una paciente que desde la semana 20 de gestación fue diagnosticada de cólico renal con la necesidad de varios ingresos y colocación de catéter doble J por parte de Urología. La paciente recibió tratamiento con paracetamol intravenoso y oral. Los controles ecográficos obstétricos -a los largo de la gestación- fueron normales hasta que en la semana 32, cuando ingresó de nuevo por cuadro sospechoso de cólico renal tratado con Paracetamol. Se objetivan en ecografía con hallazgos compatibles con restricción precoz del ductus arterioso. Se indicó la suspensión del paracetamol y los cambios se redujeron en las 48 horas posteriores y casi desaparecieron por completo una semana tras la retirada de la medicación. La gestación llegó a término y el recién nacido presentó un ecocardiograma posnatal normal. Recomendamos la restricción de los analgésicos no opiáceos en el tercer trimestre y el seguimiento con Doppler del conducto arterioso en los casos en que se requiriera usarlos(AU)

A case is reported of a pregnant woman who was diagnosed with renal colic at 20 weeks of gestation. She needed various admissions in hospital and double J stent placement by Urology Service and she was treated with acetaminophen by both intravenous and oral ways. Obstetric ultrasound scans were normal throughout gestation until week 32, when she was admitted to hospital again for suspected renal colic. She was treated with acetaminophen. In that moment, ultrasound findings are consisted with early ductus arteriosus constriction. Acetaminophen was decided to be stopped and changes reduced in the first 48 hours and they almost disappeared after one week of medication withdrawal. Pregnancy came to term and the child was born normal. Restricting non-opioid analgesics was recommended in the third quarter, as well as following up with ductus arteriosus doppler in cases in which it is required to use them(AU)

Restricción del ductus arterioso fetal en gestante del tercer trimestre por consumo de paracetamol / Fetal ductus arteriosus constriction in the final third of pregnancy due to paracetamol comsumption

El ductus arterioso es una derivación que conecta la arteria pulmonar con el arco aórtico el que permite la descarga del ventrículo derecho sin pasar por la alta resistencia de los pulmones. La permeabilidad del conducto arterioso se mantiene durante la gestación por las prostaglandinas producidas especialmente PGE2, que circulan a nivel local, especialmente PGE2, y la baja saturación de oxígeno fetal. Se trata de una paciente que desde la semana 20 de gestación es diagnosticada de cólico renal con la necesidad de varios ingresos y colocación de catéter doble J por parte de Urología y la cual recibió tratamiento con paracetamol intravenoso y oral. Los controles ecográficos obstétricos a los largo de la gestación fueron normales hasta que en semana 32, cuando ingresa de nuevo por cuadro sospechoso de cólico renal tratado con Paracetamol, se objetivan en ecografía hallazgos compatibles con restricción precoz del ductus arterioso. Se indicó suspender el paracetamol y los cambios se redujeron en las 48 horas posteriores y casi desaparecieron por completo una semana tras la retirada de la medicación. La gestación llegó a término y el recién nacido presentó un ecocardiograma postnatal normal. Recomendamos la restricción de los analgésicos no opiáceos en el tercer trimestre y el seguimiento con Doppler del conducto arterioso en los casos en que se requiriera usarlos(AU)

Ductus arteriosus is a derivation that connects the pulmonary artery with the aortic arch and allows the discharge from the right ventricle without passing the high resistance of lungs. Permeability of the ductus arteriosus is kept during gestation because of the production of prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, which circulates locally, and the low fetal oxygen saturation. Here is a pregnant woman who, since her 20th week of gestation was diagnosed as a renal colic case. She required several admissions to hospital and placement of double J stent in the urology service and she was treated with intravenous and oral paracetamol. Obstetric ultrasound scans throughout gestation were normal until week 32, when she was admitted to hospital again for suspected renal colic and treated again with paracetamol. At that moment, findings compatible with early ductus arteriosus constriction were observed in ultrasound. It was then decided to stop the paracetamol treatment, the changes declined in the following 48 hours and they almost disappeared completely after one week after the medication withdrawal. It was finally a term pregnancy and the postnatal echocardiogram of the newborn was normal. Restricting non-opioid analgesics in the third pregnancy trimester and the follow up of the ductus arteriosus with Doppler technique when required(AU)

Procedimentos percutâneos combinados em defeitos estruturais e congênitos / Combined percutaneous treatment of structural and congenital heart defects

Defeitos congênitos múltiplos são tradicionalmente corrigidos cirurgicamente, mas, atualmente, podem ser tratados percutaneamente. Existem poucos relatos na literatura atestandosua eficácia e segurança. Objetivamos descrever uma experiência com a realização de procedimentoscombinados para tratar diferentes defeitos, congênitos e estruturais, numa mesma sessão terapêutica. Métodos: Desde 2007, foram tratados, numa mesma sessão terapêutica, diferentes defeitos. Todos foram selecionados por ecocardiograma. Os procedimentos foram realizados segundo as técnicas tradicionais já descritas para cada defeito encontrado. Resultados: Foram tratados dez pacientes, cinco do sexo masculino, com idades de 1 a 67 anos, e pesos de 11 a 90 kg. O defeito mais prevalente de forma isolada foi a persistência do canal arterial (PCA, n = 5), seguido da comunicação interatrial ostium secundum (CIA OS, n = 4) e da comunicação interventricular (CIV, n = 4). As combinações mais frequentes foram CIV com PCA (n = 2) e CIV com CIA OS (n = 2). Foram dilatadas duasestenoses valvares pulmonares com CIA OS e com forame oval patente (FOP), e uma coarctação de aorta com PCA. Adicionalmente, foi ocluído um apêndice atrial esquerdo com FOP e foi embolizada uma fístula aortopulmonar com PCA. Todos os procedimentos foram bem-sucedidos. O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 31 ± 28,1 meses, havendo apenas duas complicações. Não houve nenhum óbito. Conclusões: A pequena série de casos relatada mostrou que os procedimentos combinados foram seguros e eficazes, podendo ser reproduzidos por operadores experientes em centros especializados, podendo vir a se constituir como primeira opção terapêutica para esses pacientes...

Multiple congenital defects are traditionally corrected surgically, but nowadays can be treatedpercutaneously. There are few reports in the literature attesting to its efficacy and safety. We aimed to describe an experience with combined procedures to treat different congenital and structural defects, in a single therapeutic session.Methods: Since 2007, different defects were treated in a single treatment session. All were selected byechocardiography. The procedures were performed using traditional techniques already described for each defect.Results: Ten patients were treated, five males, aged 1-67 years, weighting 11-90 kilograms. The most prevalent isolated defect was patent ductus arteriosus (PDA, n = 5), followed by ostium secundum atrial septal defects (ASD, n = 4) and ventricular septal defects (VSD, n = 4). The most common combinations were VSD with PDA (n = 2) and VSD with osASD (n = 2). Two pulmonary valve stenosis were dilated with ASD and patent foramen ovale (PFO), and one aorta coarctation with PDA. Additionally, a left atrial appendage with PFO was occluded and an aorto pulmonary fistula with PDA was embolized. All procedures were successful. The mean follow-up was 31 ± 28.1 months, with only two complications. There were no deaths.Conclusions: The small number of reported cases showed that the combined procedures were safe andeffective and can be reproduced by experienced operators in specialized centers and may be considered asthe first therapeutic option in these patients...

Oclusão percutânea da persistência do ducto arterioso / Percutaneous occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus

Introdução: A persistência do ducto arterioso é uma condição congênita de alta morbidade, especialmente em recém-nascidos prematuros de extremo baixo peso, representando 5 a 10% das cardiopatias congênitas. Nosso objetivo foi descrever as abordagens realizadas em hospital de referência para o tratamento da persistência do ducto arterioso com o método percutâneo de oclusão. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo do tratamento transcateter da persistência do ducto arterioso no período de abril de 2008 a abril de 2010. Resultados: Foram revisados 47 casos, a maioria (78,8%) tratada com molas Flipper®; os demais tratados com a prótese Amplatzer®. A configuração morfológica ductal foi do tipo A de Krichenko em 89,4% (34 no grupo molas Flipper® e 8 no grupo Amplatzer®), tipo D em 6,4% (2 no grupo molas Flipper® e 1 no grupo Amplatzer®) e tipo E em 4,2% (1 em cada grupo) dos pacientes. Os diâmetros mínimos pré-cateterismo foram de 2,6 ± 0,8 mm e 3,8 ± 1,6 mm para os grupos de molas Flipper® e Amplatzer®, respectivamente. Obteve-se oclusão imediata total do defeito na angiografia de controle em 72,3% dos pacientes tratados. Sete pacientes tratados com molas Flipper® receberam molas adicionais e os tratados com prótese Amplatzer® mostraram apenas shunts residuais mínimos em dois casos. Não ocorreram complicações do procedimento. No acompanhamento após a alta, um paciente permaneceu com mínimo shunt residual à ecografia, 45 dias após o cateterismo. Conclusões: A oclusão da persistência do ducto arterioso por método percutâneo tem-se mostrado segura e efetiva na maioria dos casos...

Background: Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital condition with high morbidity, especially in preterm infants of extremely low birth weight, representing 5% to 10% of congenital heart diseases. Our objective was to describe the approaches used at a reference hospital for the percutaneous occlusion of PDA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on the transcatheter treatment of patent ductus arteriosus from April of 2008 to April of 2010. Results: Forty-seven cases were reviewed and most of them (78.8%) were treated with FlipperTM coils while the remaining patients received the AmplatzerTM device. Ductal morphological configuration was Krichenko type A in 89.4% (34 in the FlipperTM coil group and 8 in the AmplatzerTM group), type D in 6.4% (2 in the FlipperTM coil group and 1 in the AmplatzerTM group) and type E in 4.2% (1 in each group) of patients. Pre-catheterization minimum diameters were 2.6 ± 0.8 mm and 3.8 ± 1.6 mm for the FlipperTM coil and AmplatzerTM groups, respectively. Immediate total occlusion of the defect was obtained in the control angiography in 72.3% of the patients. Seven patients treated with the FlipperTM coil received additional coils and two patients treated with the AmplatzerTM device presented minimal residual shunts. There were no procedure-related complications. In the follow-up after hospital discharge, one patient presented minimal residual shunt at the echography, 45 days after catheterization. Conclusions: Percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus occlusion has proven to be safe and effective in most cases...

Insuficiencia arterial aguda / Acute arterial failure

Definición, clínica, evolución, y etiología de esta anomalía, causante de isquemia arterial aguda, una emergencia médica que requiere diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos

Constrição fetal do canal arterial após autouso materno de propianato de clobetasol tópico: relato de dois casos / Constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus after maternal self-use of clobetasol propianato topic: case report

A constrição prematura do ducto arterioso não é uma malformação estrutural e sim uma anormalidade funcional importante na vida fetal, podendo evoluir com insuficiência cardíaca (IC), hidropisia fetal e até óbito. Habitualmente, decorre do uso materno de drogas anti-inflamatórias (AINH) que aceleram a sensibilidade do ducto, podendo ocorrer na ausência de fatores desencadeantes identificáveis. Este estudo relata dois casos de constrição fetal ductal, após automedicação de creme de propianato de clobetasol. Objetiva-se demonstrar que essa anormalidade cardíaca fetal deve ser suspeitada pela ultrassonografia obstétrica e encaminhada para ecocardiografia fetal, exame que possibilita o diagnóstico, acompanhamento e melhora no prognóstico desses casos.

Premature ductal constrition is not a structural malformation, but may cause functional impairment during intrauterine life progressing to heart failure (CHF) and fetal hydrops witch can lead to death. Usually arises from the maternal use of drugs that speed up the sensitivity of the duct, witch may occurs in the absence of triggering factors. This study reports two cases of intrauterine ductal constriction after topic use of clobetasol. It aims to demonstrate that this fetal cardiac abnormality should be suspected by obstetric ultrasound and referred to fetal echocardiography that allows the diagnosis, monitoring and improving prognosis of these cases.

Oclusão percutânea de defeitos cardíacos congênitos e estruturais com Amplatzer Duct oOccluder II TM / Percutaneous closure of congenital and structural heart defects with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II TM

INTRODUÇÃO: Uma nova geração de próteses Amplatzer com menor perfil e maior flexibilidade foi desenvolvida recentemente para o tratamento percutâneo da persistência do canal arterial (PCA). Neste artigo é relatado o uso desse novo dispositivo, Amplatzer Duct Occludder IITM (ADO II), para o tratamento tanto de PCA como de outros defeitos congênitos e estruturais, avaliando sua eficácia e segurança. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal observacional de um coorte de pacientes portadores de cardiopatias congênitas e estruturais tratados com ADO II entre outubro de 2009 e agosto de 2011. Pacientes com menos de 5 kg e canais > 5,5 mm e/ou do tipo B foram excluídos do estudo. A prótese foi implantada por vias anterógrada ou retrógrada. A cintura foi cerca de 2 mm maior que o defeito e o comprimento da prótese foi de 4 mm para lesões mais curtas ( até 6-8 mm). Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 28 pacientes, com mediana de idade e de peso de 2 anos e 11,7 kg, respectivamente, dos quais 23 eram portadores de PCA com diâmetro mínimo de 2,3 +- 0,8 mm. Os demais apresentavam...

BACKGROUND: A new generation of Amplatzer devices with lower profile and greater flexibility has been recently developed for percutaneous occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). In this paper, the use of this new device, the Amplatzer Duct Occludder II TM (ADO II) for percutaneous closure of the PDA as well as for the treatment of other congenital and structural heart defects is reported, assessing its safety and efficacy. METHODS: Longitudinal and observational study of a cohort of patients with congenital and structural heart defects treated with ADO II between October 2009 and August 2011. Patients weighing less than 5 kg and PDAs > 5.5 mm and/or type B were excluded. The device was implanted using the antegrade or retrograde approach. The waist was 2 mm larger than the defect and the length of the prosthesis was 4 mm for shorter lesions (less than 6-8 mm). RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients with a median age and weight of 2 years and 11.7 kg, respectively, were included. Twenty-three had a PDA with a mean minimal diameter of 2.3 + 0.8 mm. The remainder had muscular ventricular septal defect (1), pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (1), ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (1), and univentricular heart in the early postoperative period of bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis with residual antegrade pulmonary flow (2). The device was successfully implanted in all patients, except for an infant weighing 8 kg with a long, tortuous and oblique PDA with a diameter of 2.8 mm and a shallow ampulla. There was total occlusion of the defects in all patients. One patient with univentricular heart and right isomerism died due to complications not related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: ADO II proved to be a flexible, safe and effective device for the percutaneous treatment of infants, children and selected adults with PDA and other congenital and structural heart defects. Its use may have limitations for some anatomical PDA configurations in smaller infants.

Las cardiopatías congénitas asociadas a ductus persistente pueden tratarse con stent: presentación de tres casos y revisión de la literatura / Congenital heart defects associated with persistent ductus and stent treatment: case report and literature review

Presentación de tres casos de cardiopatías asociadas al ductus persistente, donde la colocación de stentfue una alternativa de tratamiento, como paso previo a la corrección quirúrgica.

Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital ductus arteriosus aneurysm: a case report.

The objective of this report was to demonstrate prenatal sonographic features of congenital ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA), a rare, but possibly fatal abnormality. It is characterized by a saccular or fusiform dilatation of the ductus arteriosus. The majority of affected neonates are clinically asymptomatic and tend to progressively diminish in size of DAA and spontaneous closure. However, serious complications can occur during waiting periods, including spontaneous rupture or thromboembolism. Case: A 35 year-old Thai woman, G2P1, underwent ultrasound examination at 34 weeks' gestation. Fetal echocardiography revealed markedly enlarged and tortuous ductus arteriosus with saccular dilation at the distal end, just before joining the descending aorta. The cross-sectional diameter of the saccular portion of the ductus arteriosus was 10 mm. The active female baby was vaginally delivered at 34 weeks' gestation, weighing 1050 grams. Postnatal echocardiography confirmed the prenatal findings. The DAA was gradually decreased in size and finally spontaneously closed without medical or surgical intervention.

Anillos vasculares. Experiencia en el Hospital del Niño / Vascular rings. Experience at the Children's Hospital

The authors present the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of vascular rings and their review of 12 cases treated between 1973 and 1998 at the Hospital del Niño, Panama city, Panama

Persistencia del conducto arterioso complicado / Persistencie of complicated arterious duct

El conducto arterioso persistente constituye del 10 al 27 por ciento de todas las cardiopatias congenitas. Es una estructura anatomo-fisiologica que durante la vida intrauterina tiene un shunt de Derecho a iizquierda con el cual su utilidad es vital aal feto, en esa etapa de la formacion y evolucion del nino, hasta el momento del naciemiento. En ese instante se produce un cambio extraordinario en el sistema circulatorio del recien nacido.

Congenital absence of ductus arteriosus: an autopsy case

Isolated absence of the ductus arteriosus is extremely rare condition although the ductus arteriosus may be hypoplastic or aplastic in association with other aortic arch anomalies. Authors described a case of isolated agenesis of the ductus arteriosus documented by postmortem examination of a newborn infant who died of pneumonia following operation for a large omphalocele. The heart showed ventricular septal defect. However, no other cardiovascular anomalies were associated in this case. There were three vessels that were taking off from the aorta consisted of the right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid-artery and left subclavian artery. The anteriorly located pulmonary artery was divided into the right and left pulmonary arteries. There was no connection of vessel between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.